What should both pilots do when approaching each other head-on?

When two aircraft approach each other head-on, the standard procedure according to the rules of the road for aircraft is for both pilots to turn to the right. This maneuver helps ensure the aircraft pass safely without collision, as it positions each aircraft to avoid crossing flight paths directly. The right turn is part of the protocols established to maintain a safe and predictable response, minimizing risk during such encounters.

In terms of aeronautical safety, this rule is critical because it standardizes actions and avoids confusion that could occur if both pilots were to select different options. By turning right, both aircraft can maintain visual separation and reduce the chances of a collision. This procedure is especially important in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions where pilots are operating without air traffic control guidance, relying on their own navigation and awareness.

Other maneuvers like climbing to a higher altitude or speeding up could potentially complicate the situation and might not directly avoid a collision, especially if both aircraft were on an intersecting path. Therefore, the prescribed action of turning right is the most effective way to ensure safety when two aircraft are approaching head-on.