What basic navigation skills should a student pilot have before soloing?

Before soloing, a student pilot should possess an understanding of sectional charts and basic flight planning. This skill is crucial because sectional charts provide essential information about the terrain, airspace, navigation aids, and airports. A solid grasp of how to read these charts enables pilots to make informed decisions about their route and altitude, enhancing their situational awareness.

Basic flight planning encompasses determining the route, estimating time, fuel requirements, and understanding any airspace restrictions along the way. These skills ensure that a pilot can navigate safely and efficiently during flights, particularly when flying solo, when they must rely on their judgment without the immediate support of an instructor.

While flying in different weather conditions, using advanced GPS, or understanding air traffic control frequencies are all important skills, they are typically beyond the fundamental navigation skills required for a student to demonstrate before soloing. Weather conditions can vary greatly, and advanced GPS or radar understanding usually comes with more experience and training.