How does gross weight affect Vg and Va?

The correct understanding centers on the relationship between gross weight and the values of Vg (design maneuvering speed) and Va (design maneuvering speed). As the gross weight of the aircraft increases, both Vg and Va also increase.

This is primarily because Vg is determined by the maximum load factor that the aircraft can sustain without structural failure. When the aircraft is heavier, it requires a higher speed to generate the same amount of lift during maneuvering, which means that the values for Vg must increase. Similarly, Va increases with weight because a heavier aircraft can withstand greater loads without stalling, thus allowing for higher speeds during maneuvers without exceeding the limits of the aircraft's structure.

Therefore, as weight increases, the need for higher speeds to manage structural integrity and performance aligns with the principles of aviation and aerodynamics, making the correct answer the assertion that they increase with increased weight.